06/26/08

CHAPTERS 1 - 13

CHAPTERS 14 -29

Chapter 1 - Pages 3-16 Introduction
    Introduction - Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy and Physiology 1
    Organizational Levels 1
    Systems of the Body 1
    Characteristics of Human Life 2
    Homeostasis 3
    Organization and Terminology 4
    Directional Terminology 6 Body Cavities and Their Membranes 9
    Abdomino-Pelvic Regions 14
    Abdomino-Pelvic Quadrants 14
    Imaging 15
    Worksheets - Pages 575 - 585

CHAPTER 2 - Pages 17 - 33  Microscopes and Microscopy
    Compound Microscope 17
    Identification of Microscope’s Parts 17
    Care and Use of the Microscope 22
    Microscopic Specimens 23
    Preparation of a Wet Mount 23
    Focusing the Microscope 24
    Lab Activities 25
    Millimeter ruler 25
    Letter “e” 27
    Silk fibers 29
    Exfoliated squamous cells 29
    Pond Water 31
    Worksheets - Pages 587 - 594

CHAPTER 3 - Pages 33 - 92 Chemistry and Metabolism
    Chemistry and Metabolism - Pages 33 - 53
    Chemical Elements - Periodic Law 33
    Atoms and Atomic Structure 33
    Energy and Matter 35
    Chemical Reactions 36
    Combining Matter 38
    Energy of Chemical Reactions 41
    Chemical Bonds 42
    Biochemistry 49
    Worksheets - Pages 595 - 605

3-A Chemistry of Carbohydrates - Pages 55 - 67
    Monosaccharides 55
    Disaccharides 56
    Oligosaccharides 56
    Polysaccharides 56
    Glycoaminoglycans (GAGs) 58
    Glycoproteins 59
    Carbohydrate Metabolism 60
    Worksheets - Pages 607 - 615

3-B Chemistry of Amino Acids - Pages 69 - 72
    Structure of Amino Acids 69
    Utilization of Amino Acids 69
    Protein Structure 71
    Protein Denaturation 72
    Worksheets - Pages 615 - 619

3-C Chemistry of Lipids - Pages 73 - 80
    Fatty Acids 73
    Glycerides 74
    Phospholipids 77
    Steroids 77
    Lipid Metabolism 78
    Synthesis of Fatty Acids 80
    Worksheets - Pages 621 - 626

3-D Chemistry of Nucleotides - Pages 81 - 87
    Structure of Nucleotides 81 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 82
    Ribonucleic acid (RNA) 85
    Messenger RNA 86
    Ribosomal RNA 86
    Transfer RNA 86
    Worksheets - Pages 627 - 631

3-E Chemistry of AMP, ADP, and ATP - Pages 89 - 92
    Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) 89
    Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) 90
    Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) 91
    Worksheets - Pages 633 - 636

CHAPTER 4 - Pages 93 - 109  The Cell
    Cell Model 93
    Laboratory Activities 93
    Exfoliated Squamous Cells 94
    Stratified Squamous Epithelium 95
    Adipose Tissue 96
    Blood Cells 97
    Human Sperm 97
    Columnar Ciliated Cells 98
    Smooth Muscle Cells 98
    Structure of a Generalized Cell 99
    Plasma membrane 99
    Nucleus 103
    Mitochondria 105
    Ribosomes 106
    Endoplasmic reticulum 106
    Golgi apparatus 107
    Lysosomes 107
    Centrosome and Centrioles 108
    Inclusions 109
    Worksheets - Pages 637 - 647

CHAPTER 5 - Pages 111 - 145  Transport Processes
    Anatomical Fluid Compartments 111
    Mixtures 112
    Passive Movements 114
    Water Movement - Hydrostatic Pressure 117
    Water Movement - Osmosis 119
    Tonicity of Solutions 121
    Osmometer 122
    Blood 123
    Plants (Potato and Elodea) 125
    Paramecium 128
    Dialysis 129
    Dialysis tubing 129
    Membranous Egg (unshelled) 132
    Fluid Movement Across the Capillary 136
    Active Processes 140
    Worksheets - Pages 649 - 663

CHAPTER 6 - Pages 147 - 162   Cell Division
    Cell Life Cycle 148
    Interphase 149
    DNA Replication 149
    Interphase and Mitosis 150
    Whitefish Blastula 150
    Allium (Onion) Root Tip 155
    Meiosis 157
    Spermatogenesis 160
    Oogenesis 162
    Worksheets - Pages 665 - 676

CHAPTER 7 - Pages 163 - 169  Protein Synthesis
    Protein Synthesis 163 - 169
    Ribonucleic Acids (RNAs) 163
    Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) 164
    Transcription 165
    Translation 166
    Worksheets - Pages 677 - 680

CHAPTER 8 - Pages 171 - 195   Tissues
    Epithelial Tissues 171
    Simple Epithelia 173
    Stratified Epithelia 176
    Classification by Location 178
    Glandular Epithelia 179
    Connective Tissues 181
    Muscle Tissues 190
    Nerve Tissue 193
    Worksheets - Pages 681 - 696

CHAPTER 9 - Pages 197 - 206   Integumentary system
    Functions of Integument 197
    Structure of the Skin 198
    Accessory Structures of the Skin 203
    Skin Innervation 205
    Nails 206
    Worksheets - Pages 697 - 703

CHAPTER 10 - Pages 207 - 224  Bone tissue and bones
    Bone Classification 207
    Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone 207
    Gross Anatomy of a Flat Bone 208
    Membranes of Bone 208
    Bone Tissue and Structure 209
    Bone Development and Growth 212
    Intramembranous Ossification 213
    Endochondral Ossification 215
    Bone Dynamics 222
    Worksheets - Pages 705 - 720

CHAPTER 11 - Pages 225 - 232   The Skeleton
    Bone Terminology 225
    Divisions of the Skeleton 225
    Axial Skeleton 225
    Skull 226
    Skull’s Associated Bones 227
    Vertebral Column 227
    Thorax 228
    Appendicular Skeleton 229
    Pectoral Girdle 229
    Upper Limbs 229
    Pelvic Girdle 230
    Lower Limbs 232
    Worksheets - Pages 721 - 727

CHAPTER 12 - Pages 233 - 258   Axial Skeleton
    Axial Skeleton 233
    Skull 233
    Skull’s Associated Bones 248
    Vertebral Column 248
    Thorax 256
    Worksheets - Pages 729 - 748

CHAPTER 13 - Pages 259 - 283   Appendicular Skeleton
    Appendicular Skeleton 259
    Pectoral Girdle 259
    Upper Limbs 261
    Pelvic Girdle 271
    Lower Limbs 274
    Worksheets - Pages 749 - 773

CHAPTER 14 - Pages 285 - 305   Articulations
    Functional Classification of Joints 285
    Structural Classification of Joints 285
    Fibrous Joints 285
    Cartilaginous Joints 287
    Synovial Joints 288
    Types of Movements 288
    Types of Synovial Joints 291
    Representative Synovial Joints 297
    Worksheets - Pages 775 - 792
 

CHAPTER 15 - Pages 307 - 315   Muscular System
    Functional Groups 307
    Naming Skeletal Muscles 307
    Types of Movements 307
    Principal Superficial Muscles 309
    Worksheets - Pages793 - 801 

CHAPTER 16 - Pages 317 - 338   Muscles and Contraction
    Types and Functions of Muscle Tissue 317
    Skeletal Muscles 317
    Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles 317
    Innervation of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber 323
    Contraction of Skeletal Muscle Fiber 325
    Muscle Responses 329
    Muscle Energetics 333
    Smooth Muscle 334
    Cardiac Muscle 337
    Worksheets - Pages 803 - 819

CHAPTER 17 - Pages 339 - 367   Nervous System
    Neurons 339
    Neuroglia 341
    Myelinated and Unmyelinated Axons 342
    Nerve 343
    Specialized Neural Endings 346
    Human Brain 348
    Cerebrospinal Fluid 356
    Cranial Nerves 356
    Dissection of the Sheep Brain 357
    Spinal Cord 364
    Worksheets - Pages 821 - 841

CHAPTER 18 - Pages 369 - 389   The Eye
    Accessory Structures 369
    Structure of the Eyeball 370
    Dissection of the Sheep Eye 377
    Physiology of Vision 382
    Visual Tests 385
    Transduction of Light 388
    Worksheets - Pages 843 - 860

CHAPTER 19 - Pages 391 - 400   The Ear
    Structure of the Ear 391
    Mechanism of Hearing 396
    Pathways of Sound Conduction 396
    Hearing Tests 397
    Equilibrium 398
    Worksheets - Pages 861 - 868

CHAPTER 20 - Pages 401 - 416   The Endocrine System
    Pituitary Gland 401
    Hypothalamus 406
    Thyroid gland 407
    Parathyroid glands 408
    Adrenal Gland 409
    Pancreas 411
    Testes 412
    Ovaries 414
    Thymus 415
    Kidneys 415
    Worksheets - Pages 869 - 880

CHAPTER 21 - Pages 417 - 427   Blood
    Blood Composition and Functions 418
    Formed Elements 418
    Differential Count 422
    ABO Blood Groups 423
    ABO Blood Typing 423
    Rh Blood Typing 425
    Worksheets - Pages 881 - 886

CHAPTER 22 - Pages 429 - 435   Lymphatic System
    Lymphatic Vessels 429
    Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 431
    Tonsils 431
    Lymph Node 432
    Spleen 433
    Thymus 434
    Peyer’s Patches 435
    Worksheets - Pages 887 - 891

CHAPTER 23 - Pages 437 - 456   The Heart
    Gross Anatomy of the Heart 437
    Blood Flow Through the Heart 439
    Coronary Circulation 440
    Sheep Heart Dissection 442
    Electrical Events of the Heart 449
    Cardiac Cycle 451
    Auscultation of the Heart 452
    Cardiac Muscle 453
    Cardiac Conduction Fibers 454
    Cardiac Output 455
    Worksheets - Pages 893 - 905

CHAPTER 24 - Pages 457 - 471   Blood Vessels and Circulation
    Structure of Blood Vessels 457
    Valves 461
    Circulation Pathways 462
    Systemic Blood Pressure 466
    Measuring Blood Pressure 466
    Regulation of Blood Pressure and Flow 467
    Fluid Movement at the Capillary 470
    Worksheets - Pages 907 - 915


CHAPTER 25 - Pages 473 - 488   The Respiratory System
    Upper Respiratory Tract 473
    Trachea and Bronchial Tree 476
    Pulmonary Ventilation 478
    Respiratory Volumes 479
    Measuring Respiratory Volumes 480
    Gas Movement - Respiratory Membrane 482
    Mechanisms of Controlling Respiration 484
    Worksheets - Pages 917 - 925

CHAPTER 26 - Pages 489 - 509   The Digestive System
    Digestive System Overview 489
    Organs of the Digestive System 493
    Mouth 493
    Tongue 494
    Salivary Glands 495
    Pharynx 496
    Esophagus 496
    Stomach 496
    Small Intestine 499
    Pancreas 503
    Liver 504
    Large Intestine 507
    Worksheets - Pages 927 - 944

CHAPTER 27 - Pages 511 - 524   The Urinary System
    Kidney 511
    Anatomy of the Kidney 511
    Dissection of Preserved Kidney 511
    Nephrons 513
    Processes of Urine Formation 517
    Filtration 517
    Reabsorption 520
    Secretion 521
    Final Regulation of Urine Water Volume 523
    Ureters 523
    Urinary bladder 524
    Urethra 524
    Micturition 524
    Worksheets - Pages 945 - 956


CHAPTER 28 - Pages 525 - 552   The Reproductive System
    Male Reproductive System 525
    Testes 525
    Spermatogenesis 527
    Male Hormonal Regulation 529
    Spermatozoa 530
    Epididymis 531
    Ductus Deferens 532
    Seminal Vesicles 532
    Prostate Gland 533
    Penis 534
    Female Reproductive System 535
    External Genitalia 536
    Internal Organs 536
    Ovary 537
    Oogenesis 540
    Ovarian Cycle 541
    Uterine Tube 545
    Uterus 546
    Uterine Cycle 547
    Vagina 550
    Mammary Glands 551
    Worksheets - Pages 957 - 981

CHAPTER 29 - Pages 553 - 573   Dissection of the Fetal Pig
    Directional Terminology 553
    External Anatomy 554
    Opening the Body Cavity 555
    Dissection of the Neck and Thorax 556
    Organs of the Digestive System 559
    Organs of the Circulatory System 563
    Organs of the Reproductive System 570
    Worksheets - Pages 983 - 1001

INDEX - Pages 1003 - 1009

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